Medieval Coins, Kadambas of Hangal (c. 1075-1190 AD), Gold Pagoda, 4.20Grms, OBV: Hanuman seated facing with head right, chowris and shankha on each side with Kannada legend Nakara below, REV: ornamental scroll within decorative border (K Ganesh # 6.1, Karnataka Coins).

Chandellas of Jejakabhukti, Mahoba/Khajuraho, Madanavarma Deva (c. 1200 AD), Gold Masha, 1.00Grms, OBV: Goddess Lakshmi seated, Rev: Nagari legend ‘Sri Man MadanaVarmma Deva’ in three lines. (Deyell# 151). Fine+.

Nolambas of South-Central Karnataka - gold punch-marked gadyana, possibly attributed to Nanni Nolamba (c. 10th century AD), 3.75g. Obv: nine punches - 5x seated Nandi facing right with sun and moon above, 2x Kannada letter 'Shri', 1x composite Ankusha and axe symbol and 1x Kannada legend jabala. Very fine+, Very rare.

Kakatiyas of Warrangal, Prola I (1052-1076 CE), Gold PMC, One-and-a-Half (1 1/2) Gold Gadyana, Narasimha type, 5.9g. 57x56mm. The obverse consists of 17 repousse punches elegantly struck on a broad thin flan hammered by dies on two concentric orbits. Unpublished variety. Obv: 1x central punch of kneeling Narasimha, facing front. The inner orbit surrounding the central punch consists of 8x six petalled Lotus punches. The outer peripheral punches consist of 8 punches: 2x Sri-Sri, 1x 'Raaya gaja', 1x ' Kesari' punches inscribed in Kannada, and 4x nine petalled Lotus symbol punches alternating between the legend punches. Extremely fine, Uncleaned, Very rare.

Kakatiyas of Warrangal, Prola-I (1052-1076 CE), Gold PMC, 2 ½ Gold Gadyana, ‘3-Warrior type’, 9.9 gms, 70x70mm. The Obverse consists of total of 20 repousse punches hammered on the obverse of a circular flan. Unpublished variety and known for the first time. The central punch consists of the images of 3 warriors carrying a sword in the right hand and a downward pointing dagger in the left hand. The other punches are struck in two concentric circular orbits. The inner orbit consists of 12 singly struck Boar punches as if a garland of boar pendants. The boar is facing left adorned with Sun and Moon symbols above. The outer orbit punches consist of 2x Sri-Sri, 1x 'Govara singha' and 1x eight petalled Lotus, and 4x symbols Lion facing left with lifted forepaw interleaving the other legend punches. Uncirculated, extremely rare.The 'Govara singha' title has appeared for the first time and on the Kakatiya coin. So far, 2-warrior and 4-warrior types were known, and this is a bridging coin of the series and is an interesting addition to one's collection. The above coin is assigned to Prola-I (1052-1076 CE) as the other warrior types were formally assigned to Prola-I. The 'Govara singha' title simply means - the King, the lion, the protector of the cows.

Kakatiyas of Warrangal, Prola-I (1052-1076 CE), Gold PMC, 2 ½ Gold Gadyana, 71x71mm, 9.83 gms, The Obverse consists of total of 30 repousse punches hammered on the obverse of a thin pure gold circular flan. The central punch consists of the images of Krishna and Balarama, Holy cow above and Conch below adorns the middle field that separates the brothers. The other punches are struck in two concentric circular orbits. The inner orbit consists of 13 singly struck Lion punches, with Lion facing right with lifted forepaw. The second and outmost orbit consists of 4x 'boar-Lotus-boar' punches on four quadrants. Here the boar is shown facing right with Sun and Moon symbols above. Other Kannada legend punches that separate the symbol punches are 2x Sri-Sri, 1x 'mandala' and 1x 'manda'. Almost Uncirculated, Exceedingly rare.The 'mandala manda' is perhaps a title that needs detailed research. No epigraphs have ever come across that mentions such a title but there are known many small PMC 1 Gadyanas with a similar legend in which Yama adorns the central punch. All the known big coins are generally assigned to the powerful Kakatiya ruler Prola-I (1052-1076 CE) due to his titles seen in those coins. And this being found together with the others is not an exception for the said attribution. The central motif has a resemblance to the Krishna-Subhadra Balaram idols of Jagannath temple of Puri. The legend mandala refers to district or town whereas the other punch 'manda' is similar in appearance as that of 3.8gm coin with the legend punch manda of 'manda-lika'.

Kakatiyas of Warangal, Prola II (1110-1158 CE), Gold PMC, One-and-a-Half Gold (1 1/2) Gadyana, Goddess Mahalakshmi type, 5.86g, 55x55mm. Total of 23 repousse punches, discretely and deeply struck in three concentric tiers on a thin and broad flan. 1x central punch of the Goddess Mahalakshmi seated in padmasana facing front with draped saree. She holds Lotus in her upper two hands and shows mudras in her lower hands. The peripheral punches are stuck in two layers, the first-tier Kannada punches consist of 2x 'Sri Sri', 1x 'Ahita Gaja', 1x 'Kesari' and 4x Lion standing acing right with raised foreleg. The Outer layer consists of 7x Boar standing facing right and 7x Lotus placed alternately, all on obverse. Extremely fine, Uncleaned, Very rare. The Kakatiya dynasty succeeded the Nolamba dynasty and ruled for a brief period and their coins are extremely rare. Prola-II was a feudatory to the Chalukya Vikramaditya-VI and proclaimed independence with the decline of the Chalukyas. Prola-II extended his kingdom up to Krishna district.

Kakatiyas of Warangal, Prola-II (1110-1158 CE), Gold PMC, One-and-a-Half (1 1/2) Gold Gadyana, Bird Hamsa type, 5.91g, 55x55mm. Total of 17 repousse punches elegantly struck on the obverse of a cup shaped circular flan which is so broad that it draws immediate attention from far away distance. The beautifully struck flan mimics lotus flower, the symbol of wealth. This coin has a unique combination of Boar, Lion and Lotus punch sequences. The central punch shows right facing Hamsa bird with floral ornamentation around, the vahana of Goddess Saraswathi. The circumfluent punches struck on the outer periphery consists of 2x Sri-Sri, 1x 'Manda' and 1x 'lika' punches inscribed in Kannada, and 4x Lotus symbol punches alternating between the legend punches. Surrounding the central punch, there consists of 8x alternating Boar & Lion symbol punches. The boar is shown standing facing right with sun and moon above and Lion is shown walking facing right with lifted forepaw. Extremely fine, Uncleaned, Very rare.

Yadavas of Devagiri, Lashumadevi (c. 1261 AD), Gold Padma Tanka, 3.76Grms, OBV: Lotus in centre, on top Nagari legend ‘Lashuma', below sword, conch on bottom and twice 'Sri' in kannada letter, Uniface. Very Fine. Extremely Rare. Lashumadevi was the wife of Kanharadeva and the daughter of Kholeshwara the commander of Singhana deva of Yadava dynasty. Kanharadeva had a yonger brother Mahadev, as the son of Kanharadeva was minor, so he declared his brother Mahadeva to be the crown prince. But the wife of Kanharadeva Queen Lashumadevai was not happy with the decision of Kanharadeva, when the throne was passed on to his younger brother instead of her son Ramachandra, she refused to accept him as a king. After the death of Kanharadeva she declared herself independent and struck gold Padma tanka in her name as a mark of sovereignty.